Title : Weed management in husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. Ex Horm.) in Penjamo, Guanajuato. I. Diagnosis of weeds and their effect on performance
Abstract:
The husk tomato or green tomato is a solanaceous plant native to Mexico, considered one of the main vegetables in the mexican territory. Its production is affected by pests, diseases and weeds, which reduce fruit yield and production quality. The experiment was conducted in a commercial plot located in the town of La Estrella, in the municipality of Penjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico, with the purposes of identifying the main weeds associated with husk tomato, describing their population behavior throughout the phenological cycle of the crop and evaluating their effect on fruit yield. A randomized complete block design using four replications was used. Six treatments were evaluated with one application: agroecological herbicide in doses of 1 and 1.5 liters·ha-1; Isoxaflutole in three doses 37.5, 75, 112.5 g·ha-1 of a. i.; Halosulfuron methyl in doses of 45 g·ha-1 of a. i., plus a clean control and a weed control. The number of individuals per weed species was sampled and quantified in the absolute control at 17, 24, 38, 52, and 66 days after transplanting (dat). Total yield (t·ha-1), was determined at 87 dat. Twenty-three species of weeds associated with husk tomato belonging to 14 families and 21 genera were identified; 86.95 % (20) were broadleaf species, 8.69 % (2) narrowleaf and 4.34 % (1) cyperaceae. The presence of weeds reduced up to 90% of the yield of tomato fruit. The knowledge of the weeds present in the cultivation of husk tomato and their type, allows for better planning of their agronomic management. Keywords: weeds, alternative weed management, tomatillo, green tomato.
