Title : Research on the use of effective microorganisms in agriculture with extreme climates
Abstract:
Mongolian plants, which grow in climatic conditions of deserts characterized by high solar radiation and shortage of water and organic matter. The agricultural area of Mongolia has been decreasing year by year, due to the widespread degradation of mechanical soil cultivation, the biological activity of the soil has decreased, and conditions for pathogen contamination have been created, indicating that the soil has deteriorating. Therefore, the content of organic matter and humus in the soil of extended arid areas will experience desertification.
Objective: Bio fertilizer is a modern form of organic fertilizer that is a selected strain of beneficial soil microorganisms cultivated in the laboratory, including all organic resources used for plant growth, which are provided in a form that can be absorbed by plants through microbial or plant binding or interaction. Our research objectives were to analyse the impact of biological fertilizer treatment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), to evaluate the effect of “Ih Urgats” biological fertilizer (IU bio-fertilizer) on soil fertility, a wheat yield and quality, treated with IU bio-fertilizer during the wheat cultivation.
Method: As part of introducing advanced technology, we have collaborated with a research team from Okinawa Agricultural University in Japan to introduce useful microbial technologies to Mongolia. The “Ih Urgats” biological fertilizer, prepared by our research team was a combination of local strains of photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, and fungi.
Results: In terms of soil treatment, when comparing the nutrient content before and after the experiment, the mobile phosphorus (P2O5) content in every 100 g of soil nutrients increased by 0.3 mg in the experiment field (treated with IU bio-fertilizer). The mobile phosphorus (P2O5) content in the field treated with IU bio-fertilizer was 0.2mg; it was higher than that in the control field. Before and after applying IU bio fertilizer, the exchangeable potassium content in the field increased by 32 mg, and the experimental field was 22 mg higher than the control field. According to the test results, the soil calcium content of the experimental area increased by 0.8% compared to the control area before the experiment, reaching 15.8, while the control (unfertilized) area decreased by 2.9%. In contrast, when compared the magnesium content of the control field, the experimental area decreased by 1.8%, reached at 3.2, while the control (unfertilized) area decreased by 0.4 %. These results are in agreement with the findings of earlier workers who found that the effect of soil application of effective microorganisms on crop growth and yield was usually not evident or even negative particularly in the first test crop (Bajwa et al., 1999; Xu, 2000; Javaid, 2006) possibly because introduced effective microorganisms have to face a competition with soil indigenous microflora (Bajwa et al., 1995). The current study investigated that the effect of the “IU bio-fertilizer”, and the yield of the treated experimental field was 22.4 tons/ha, while the yield of the untreated control field was 14.8 tons/ha, indicating an increase in wheat yield of 7.6 tons/ha.
